Dati di Perforazione dei Munizioni Anticarro Finnish della Seconda Guerra Mondiale
The Finnish army used a lot of cannoni e veicoli sovietici catturati, of which the carro armato leggero T-26 was one of the more numerous types taken in battle. This model of the Soviet T-26 is from the collection of Patrick Storto.
The table lists armour penetration values for Finnish guns da 0 al 100 metri range e 0 degrees inclination of armour. Dates indicate the year when a particular shell type entered production, not necessarily the year of availability to combat units. New shell types would take several months to reach the troops at the front, some favoured units receiving the new shells more quickly than others. Andrew Mark Reid is the author of Panzergranate, a set of regolamenti di wargame using prudentamente researched gunnery data to simulate armour penetration results.
| Weapon | Shell Type | Penetration |
|---|---|---|
| 13 mm Boyes 0.55 Inch Anti-Tank Rifle | A.P. | 21 mm |
| La Gran Bretagna supplied a large number of Boyes anti-tank rifles in 1939 e 1940. The weapon was popular con the Finns, because it could deal con carri armati sovietici T-26 which the Finns encountered in many engagements. | ||
| 13.2 mm H.M.G. | A.P. | 29 mm |
| Main armament of a Landsverk 182 autoblindo purchased from Svezia. Apparently, this Landsverk 182 was ordered without its 20 Madsen gun, e fitted con a locally produced 13.2 mm HMG. The vehicle was phased out in 1941. | ||
| 20 mm VKT Lahti L-39 AT-rifle | A.P. | 38 mm |
| It appears to be similar in size to the Swiss Solothurn 20 mm anti-tank rifle still produced today as an anti-helicopter sniping weapon. Both are self-loading, e the seconda guerra mondiale versions would have been magazine fed. | ||
| 20 mm L.60 Madsen (Danish) | A.P. | 34 mm |
| 2 cm L.112.5 FlaK 30/38 | A.P.H.E. (Pz.Gr.) | - |
| A.P. (Pz.Gr. 39) | - | |
| A.P.C.R. (Pz.Gr. 40) | 110 mm | |
| 25 mm Anti-Tank Gun (francese) | A.P. | 50 o 54 mm |
| It is not known if these were Hotchkiss o Puteaux anti-tank guns, the latter had the higher performance of the due. | ||
| 37 mm L.21 Sa.18 Puteaux Tank Gun | A.P. (Rupture M.1916) | 27 mm |
| A.P. (Rupture M.1927) | 31 mm | |
| Carri armati Vickers 6 Tonner purchased dalla Gran Bretagna were originally fitted con 37 mm Puteaux, but later received 37 mm Bofors tank guns instead. | ||
| 37 mm L.37 Bofors Tank & Anti-Tank Gun | A.P. (Carbon Steel) | 32 mm |
| A.P. (Manganese Steel) | 54 mm | |
| A.P.H.E. | 34 mm | |
| It is unlikely that the A.P.H.E. shell would have been used, even though it was available for the 37 mm Bofors L.37 gun. Some A.P.H.E. shells are tracer detonated, but most are detonated by inertia e they are used as shells contraerei. Their use against carri armati may have been out of accident rather than design. Navies use A.P.H.E. shells against enemy ships, e their application to tank combat may have been a throwback to this naval method.
The 37 mm Bofors was used as the main armament of the Vickers 6 Tonner tank which the Finnish army purchased dalla Gran Bretagna. The Finnish Army deployed the 6 Tonner during the 1939-40 Winter War con Russia, but the entire unit seems to have been knocked out o destroyed in their first attack at Honkasalmi in 1940. Recovered veicoli were upgunned con captured cannone anticarro sovietico da 45 mm. | ||
| 3.7 cm L.45 PaK 35/36 (German) | A.P. (Pz.Gr. 39) | 65 mm |
| A.P.C.R. (Pz.Gr. 40) | 79 mm | |
| 45 mm L.46 M.1938 Anti-Tank Gun (Soviet) | A.P.H.E. (1941) | 52 mm |
| H.V.A.P. (1942) | 64 mm | |
| A.P.D.S. (1945) | 96 mm | |
| The 45 mm L.46 gun was the main armament of captured carri armati sovietici T-26, T-50, T-70, BT-5, e BT-7, ed autoblindi BA-10, e BA-32. Surviving carri armati Vickers 6 Tonner received this weapon as well. | ||
| 45 mm L.66 M.1941 Anti-Tank Gun Soviet | A.P.H.E. (1941) | 74 mm |
| H.V.A.P. (1942) | 102 mm | |
| A.P.D.S. (1945) | 138 mm | |
| 47 mm L.35.8 Breda 47/32 M35 AT-Gun (Ital.) | A.P. | 64 mm |
| Twelve of these were available during the Winter War. | ||
| 5 cm L.60 PaK 38 (German) | A.P. (Pz.Gr. 39) | 99 mm |
| A.P.C.R. (Pz.Gr. 40) | 141 mm | |
| Only a dozen PaK 38 were purchased from Germania. | ||
| 75 mm L.36.3 Puteaux M.1897 Field Gun | A.P. | 90 mm |
| The famous "75" francese della prima guerra mondiale, designated 75 mm K.97 nel servizio Finnish. The Finns sent 48 of these guns alla Germania, to have them converted to PaK 97/38, of which 45 upgraded units were returned later. | ||
| 7.5 cm L.36.3 PaK 97/38 (f) | A.P. (Pz.Gr.) | 90 mm |
| A.P.C.R. (Pz.Gr. 40) | 128 mm | |
| Converted Puteaux PaK 97/38 used granate francesi e tedesche. Apparently, the Germans considered these guns adequate for anti-tank work. No wartime shell production was set up for PaK 97/38 in Finnland. | ||
| 7.5 cm L.48 KwK 39 (German) | A.P. (Pz.Gr. 39) | 144 mm |
| A.P.C.R. (Pz.Gr. 40) | 172 mm | |
| Main Armament of Pz.Kpfw. IV Ausf. J tanks, e StuG. 40 Ausf. G assault guns purchased from Germania. The StuGs arrived in 1943, but the Panzer IVs came too late to participate in the Continuation War in 1944. Panzer IV were deployed in the Lappland War, but they saw no action. | ||
| 7.5 cm L.46 PaK 40 (German) | A.P. (1940) | 149 mm |
| A.P.C.R. (Pz.Gr. 40) | 176 mm | |
| PaK 40 was the most common cannone anticarro tedesco nel servizio Finnish. | ||
| Cannone da Fanteria da 76.2 mm L.16.5 M.1927 (Soviet) | A.P.H.E. (Any Year) | 38 mm |
| 76.2 mm L.24 M.1930 Field Gun (Soviet) | A.P.H.E. (Any Year) | 58 mm |
| A modernized version of the Czarist 76.2 mm L.26 M.1902 Putilov field gun, it was used as the main armament of the BT-8 e T-28.B tank. | ||
| 76.2 mm L.54 ZIS.3 Anti-Tank Gun (Soviet) | A.P.H.E. (1941) | 104 mm |
| H.V.A.P. (1942) | 133 mm | |
| A.P.D.S. (1945) | 191 mm | |
| 114 mm (4.5 Inch) L.16/L.18 Howitzer (Brit.) | H.E.A.T. | approx. 50 mm |
| C.P.H.E. (Gr. 39 Hl/C) | 128 mm | |
| A.P.H.E. is effective against bunkers, e was only intended for this purpose until carri armati appeared in prima guerra mondiale. The howitzer was used to convert captured carri armati sovietici BT-7 to self-propelled guns, designated BT-42 nel servizio Finnish. In their first real engagement, eight carri armati BT-42 con cannone were destroyed, e the others were subsequently withdrawn from combat to be scrapped. Early H.E.A.T. rounds for this weapon were locally produced, e found to useless. A later H.E.A.T. round existed which may have used the German 10.5 cm Gr. 39 Hl/C warhead. | ||
| 122 mm L.23 M.1930 Howitzer (Soviet) | A.P.H.E. (1941) | 73 mm |
| H.V.A.P. (1942) | 102 mm | |
| A.P.D.S. (1945) | 131 mm | |
| H.E.A.T. (1944) | 200 mm | |
| 122 mm L.46 M.1938 Tank Gun (Soviet) | A.P.H.E. (1941) | 145 mm |
| C.P.H.E. (1941) | 124 mm | |
| H.V.A.P. (1942) | 205 mm | |
| A.P.D.S. (1945) | 261 mm | |
| H.E.A.T. (1944) | 200 mm | |
The Finns bought armaments from Svezia throughout the wars. Western powers, e the USA sold guns during the Winter War, ed additional shipments continued well into 1940. Germania sold no weapons to Finnland during the Winter War, honoring the Russo-German Pact of Nonaggression. German arms shipments of captured equipaggiamento francese e britannico began in agosto of 1940, followed by StuG. 40 Ausf. G assault guns in 1943. Carri armati tedeschi Pz.IV. Ausf. J were sent to Finland just days before the country changed sides in 1944. These veicoli were subsequently deployed against German forces on the Lapland front, pushing the Wehrmacht back into Norway. The Finnish army was very adept at recycling obsolete e captured equipaggiamento, much of which was of Soviet origin.
Andy Reid
Sources: Harri Anttonen; Janne Kemppi; Panssarimuseo
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Soldatini Finlandesi della Seconda Guerra Mondiale
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