L’Esercito di Karl IV. Philipp Theodor

Principe Elettore e Conte Palatino del Reno, 1742–1799

With the death of Prince-Elector Karl II., on 26 maggio 1685, the Palatinate-Simmern line of the Palatinal House of Wittelsbach ceased to exist, e the Palatinate fell to the secondary line of Palatinate-Neuburg, founded by Count Palatine Ottheinrich. Philipp Wilhelm, Count Palatine e Duke of Palatinate-Neuburg, Duke of Jülich e Berg, now became Prince-Elector of the Palatinate. The Palatinate-Neuburg line died out con Karl III. Philipp, in 1742, e fell to the branch of Palatinate-Sulzbach II. As a result, Count Palatine Karl Philipp Theodor of Sulzbach became Karl IV. Philipp Theodor Prince-Elector of the Palatinate in 1742. The Electoral Palatinate ed its duchies of Palatinate-Neuburg, Jülich, e Berg resembled a geographic patchwork quilt. Accordingly, when war came in 1756, the palatinal army was widely dispersed in its garrisons from Neuburg on the Danube, to Mannheim, Heidelberg on the Neckar, as well as Düsseldorf e Jülich in the Rhineland.

Count Palatine Friedrich Michael von Zweibrücken, palatinal Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal) and, from 1751, governor of Mannheim, became Imperial Generalfeldmarschall und supreme commander of the combined Imperial e Reichs Executions Armée fighting the armata prussiana in Saxony. Friedrich Michael von Zweibrücken was considered one of the most attractive men of his time. He had married Maria Franziska Dorothea, Countess Palatine of Palatinate-Sulzbach in 1746, a younger sister of Elisabeth agosto e Electress Palatine, whose idol e lover he soon became.

The Electoral Palatinate fulfilled its obligation to the Electoral Rhenish District of the armata imperiale con the Reggimento Fanteria di Effern, the II^o battaglione della Guardia a Piedi di Kurpfalz, e due squadroni of Reiter-Regiment Prinz Friedrich Michael von Zweibrücken. Reggimenti Fanteria di Nassau-Weilburg, e Pfalzgraf von Zweibrücken, as well as the Squadrone Alto Reno di Circolo del Reggimento Corazzieri Kurpfalz served in the Circolo dell’Alto Reno.

From 1757 the Electoral Palatinate received a subsidy to supply an additional 10 battaglioni of reggimenti di fanteria von Osten, von Birkenfeld, von Baaden, e von Preysing for service con the esercito francese. The subsidy agreement was not renewed by the Electoral Palatinate, e remnants of the corps of 6.000 men returned to the Palatinate on 1 gennaio 1759. When Count Palatine Friedrich Michael von Zweibrücken became supreme commander of the combined Imperial e Reichs Executions Armée in 1758, he brought the 800 strong Leib-Dragoner-Regiment Frau Kurfürstin von der Pfalz con him. Tre squadrons of dragoni di Kurpfalz were captured by the Prussians on 11 maggio 1759.

Bibliografia

• Bezzel, Oskar: Geschichte des Kurpfälzischen Heeres von seinen Anfängen bis zur Vereinigung von Kurpfalz und Kurbayern 1777, nebst Geschichte des Heerwesens in Pfalz-Zweibrücken (Geschichte des Bayerischen Heeres 4/1). Bayerisches Kriegsarchiv, München 1925.

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Soldatini della Guerra dei Sette Anni

– Pubblicato: 19.09.2005 – Aggiornato: 24.06.2007
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